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  6.     <title>Chapter¬†7.¬† Painting with GIMP</title>
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  19.       <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
  20.         <tr>
  21.           <th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter¬†7.¬†
  22.         <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Painting with GIMP</span>
  23.       </th>
  24.         </tr>
  25.         <tr>
  26.           <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="gimp-using-web-transparency.html"><img src="../images/prev.png" alt="Prev" /></a>¬†</td>
  27.           <th width="60%" align="center">Part¬†II.¬†
  28.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  29.         How do I Become a <acronym class="acronym">GIMP</acronym> Wizard?
  30.       </span>
  31.     </th>
  32.           <td width="20%" align="right">¬†<a accesskey="n" href="gimp-using-selections.html"><img src="../images/next.png" alt="Next" /></a></td>
  33.         </tr>
  34.       </table>
  35.       <hr />
  36.     </div>
  37.     <div class="chapter" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  38.       <div class="titlepage">
  39.         <div>
  40.           <div>
  41.             <h2 class="title"><a id="gimp-painting"></a>Chapter¬†7.¬†
  42.         <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Painting with GIMP</span>
  43.       </h2>
  44.           </div>
  45.         </div>
  46.       </div>
  47.       <div class="toc">
  48.         <p>
  49.           <b>Table of Contents</b>
  50.         </p>
  51.         <dl>
  52.           <dt>
  53.             <span class="sect1">
  54.               <a href="gimp-painting.html#gimp-concepts-selection">1. 
  55.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">The Selection</span>
  56.   </a>
  57.             </span>
  58.           </dt>
  59.           <dd>
  60.             <dl>
  61.               <dt>
  62.                 <span class="sect2">
  63.                   <a href="gimp-painting.html#id2591958">1.1. 
  64.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Feathering</span>
  65.     </a>
  66.                 </span>
  67.               </dt>
  68.               <dt>
  69.                 <span class="sect2">
  70.                   <a href="gimp-painting.html#id2592060">1.2. 
  71.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Making a Selection Partially Transparent</span>
  72.     </a>
  73.                 </span>
  74.               </dt>
  75.             </dl>
  76.           </dd>
  77.           <dt>
  78.             <span class="sect1">
  79.               <a href="gimp-using-selections.html">2. 
  80.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Creating and Using Selections</span>
  81.   </a>
  82.             </span>
  83.           </dt>
  84.           <dd>
  85.             <dl>
  86.               <dt>
  87.                 <span class="sect2">
  88.                   <a href="gimp-using-selections.html#gimp-using-selections-moving">2.1. 
  89.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Moving a Selection</span>
  90.     </a>
  91.                 </span>
  92.               </dt>
  93.               <dt>
  94.                 <span class="sect2">
  95.                   <a href="gimp-using-selections-free-select.html">2.2. 
  96.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Creating a Free Selection</span>
  97.     </a>
  98.                 </span>
  99.               </dt>
  100.             </dl>
  101.           </dd>
  102.           <dt>
  103.             <span class="sect1">
  104.               <a href="gimp-image-window-qmask-button.html">3. 
  105.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">QuickMask</span>
  106.   </a>
  107.             </span>
  108.           </dt>
  109.           <dd>
  110.             <dl>
  111.               <dt>
  112.                 <span class="sect2">
  113.                   <a href="gimp-image-window-qmask-button.html#id2592899">3.1. 
  114.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Overview</span>
  115.     </a>
  116.                 </span>
  117.               </dt>
  118.               <dt>
  119.                 <span class="sect2">
  120.                   <a href="ch07s03s02.html">3.2. 
  121.         <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Properties</span>
  122.       </a>
  123.                 </span>
  124.               </dt>
  125.             </dl>
  126.           </dd>
  127.           <dt>
  128.             <span class="sect1">
  129.               <a href="gimp-using-quickmask.html">4. 
  130.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Using the Quickmask</span>
  131.   </a>
  132.             </span>
  133.           </dt>
  134.           <dt>
  135.             <span class="sect1">
  136.               <a href="gimp-using-paths.html">5. 
  137.     
  138.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Paths</span>
  139.   </a>
  140.             </span>
  141.           </dt>
  142.           <dd>
  143.             <dl>
  144.               <dt>
  145.                 <span class="sect2">
  146.                   <a href="gimp-using-paths.html#gimp-using-paths-creating">5.1. 
  147.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Path Creating</span>
  148.     </a>
  149.                 </span>
  150.               </dt>
  151.               <dt>
  152.                 <span class="sect2">
  153.                   <a href="ch07s05s02.html">5.2. 
  154.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Paths and Selections</span>
  155.     </a>
  156.                 </span>
  157.               </dt>
  158.               <dt>
  159.                 <span class="sect2">
  160.                   <a href="gimp-using-paths-transforming.html">5.3. 
  161.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Transforming Paths</span>
  162.     </a>
  163.                 </span>
  164.               </dt>
  165.               <dt>
  166.                 <span class="sect2">
  167.                   <a href="gimp-using-paths-stroking.html">5.4. 
  168.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Stroking a Path</span>
  169.     </a>
  170.                 </span>
  171.               </dt>
  172.               <dt>
  173.                 <span class="sect2">
  174.                   <a href="ch07s05s05.html">5.5. 
  175.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Paths and Text</span>
  176.     </a>
  177.                 </span>
  178.               </dt>
  179.               <dt>
  180.                 <span class="sect2">
  181.                   <a href="ch07s05s06.html">5.6. 
  182.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Paths and <acronym class="acronym">SVG</acronym> files</span>
  183.     </a>
  184.                 </span>
  185.               </dt>
  186.             </dl>
  187.           </dd>
  188.           <dt>
  189.             <span class="sect1">
  190.               <a href="gimp-concepts-brushes.html">6. 
  191.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Brushes</span>
  192.   </a>
  193.             </span>
  194.           </dt>
  195.           <dt>
  196.             <span class="sect1">
  197.               <a href="gimp-using-brushes.html">7. 
  198.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Adding New Brushes</span>
  199.   </a>
  200.             </span>
  201.           </dt>
  202.           <dt>
  203.             <span class="sect1">
  204.               <a href="gimp-using-animated-brushes.html">8. 
  205.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">The GIH Dialog Box</span>
  206.   </a>
  207.             </span>
  208.           </dt>
  209.           <dt>
  210.             <span class="sect1">
  211.               <a href="gimp-using-variable-size-brush.html">9. 
  212.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Varying brush size</span>
  213.   </a>
  214.             </span>
  215.           </dt>
  216.           <dd>
  217.             <dl>
  218.               <dt>
  219.                 <span class="sect2">
  220.                   <a href="gimp-using-variable-size-brush.html#gimp-using-variable-size-brush-varying">9.1. 
  221.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">How to vary the height of a brush</span>
  222.     </a>
  223.                 </span>
  224.               </dt>
  225.               <dt>
  226.                 <span class="sect2">
  227.                   <a href="gimp-using-variable-size-brush-creating.html">9.2. 
  228.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Creating a brush quickly</span>
  229.     </a>
  230.                 </span>
  231.               </dt>
  232.             </dl>
  233.           </dd>
  234.           <dt>
  235.             <span class="sect1">
  236.               <a href="gimp-concepts-gradients.html">10. 
  237.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Gradients</span>
  238.   </a>
  239.             </span>
  240.           </dt>
  241.           <dt>
  242.             <span class="sect1">
  243.               <a href="gimp-concepts-patterns.html">11. 
  244.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Patterns</span>
  245.   </a>
  246.             </span>
  247.           </dt>
  248.           <dt>
  249.             <span class="sect1">
  250.               <a href="gimp-concepts-palettes.html">12. 
  251.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Palettes</span>
  252.   </a>
  253.             </span>
  254.           </dt>
  255.           <dd>
  256.             <dl>
  257.               <dt>
  258.                 <span class="sect2">
  259.                   <a href="gimp-concepts-palettes.html#id2598226">12.1. 
  260.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Colormap</span> 
  261.     </a>
  262.                 </span>
  263.               </dt>
  264.             </dl>
  265.           </dd>
  266.           <dt>
  267.             <span class="sect1">
  268.               <a href="gimp-using-simpleobjects.html">13. 
  269.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Drawing Simple Objects</span>
  270.   </a>
  271.             </span>
  272.           </dt>
  273.           <dd>
  274.             <dl>
  275.               <dt>
  276.                 <span class="sect2">
  277.                   <a href="gimp-using-simpleobjects.html#gimp-using-line">13.1. 
  278.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Drawing a Straight Line</span>
  279.     </a>
  280.                 </span>
  281.               </dt>
  282.               <dt>
  283.                 <span class="sect2">
  284.                   <a href="gimp-using-rectangular.html">13.2. 
  285.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Creating a Basic Shape</span>
  286.     </a>
  287.                 </span>
  288.               </dt>
  289.             </dl>
  290.           </dd>
  291.         </dl>
  292.       </div>
  293.       <div class="sect1" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  294.         <div class="titlepage">
  295.           <div>
  296.             <div>
  297.               <h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="gimp-concepts-selection"></a>1.¬†
  298.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">The Selection</span>
  299.   </h2>
  300.             </div>
  301.             <div>
  302.               <div class="revhistory">
  303.                 <table border="1" width="100%" summary="Revision history">
  304.                   <tr>
  305.                     <th align="left" valign="top" colspan="3">
  306.                       <b>Revision History</b>
  307.                     </th>
  308.                   </tr>
  309.                   <tr>
  310.                     <td align="left">Revision $Revision: 2353 $</td>
  311.                     <td align="left">2007-07-15</td>
  312.                     <td align="left">romanofski</td>
  313.                   </tr>
  314.                 </table>
  315.               </div>
  316.             </div>
  317.           </div>
  318.         </div>
  319.         <a id="id2591682" class="indexterm"></a>
  320.         <a id="id2591695" class="indexterm"></a>
  321.         <a id="id2591710" class="indexterm"></a>
  322.         <p>
  323.     Often when you operate on an image, you only want part of it to be
  324.     affected. In GIMP, you make this happen by <span class="emphasis"><em>selecting</em></span>
  325.     that part. Each image has a <span class="emphasis"><em>selection</em></span>
  326.     associated with it. Most, but not all, GIMP operations act only on the
  327.     selected portions of the image.
  328.   </p>
  329.         <div class="figure">
  330.           <a id="id2591740"></a>
  331.           <p class="title">
  332.             <b>Figure¬†7.1.¬†
  333.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">How would you isolate the tree?</span>
  334.     </b>
  335.           </p>
  336.           <div class="figure-contents">
  337.             <div class="mediaobject">
  338.               <img src="../images/using/fog-tree-example.png" alt="How would you isolate the tree?" />
  339.             </div>
  340.           </div>
  341.         </div>
  342.         <br class="figure-break" />
  343.         <p>
  344.     There are many, many situations where creating just the right selection is
  345.     the key to getting the result you want, and often it is not very easy to
  346.     do. For example, in the above image, suppose I want to cut the tree out
  347.     from its background, and paste it into a different image. In order to do
  348.     this, I need to create a selection that contains the tree and nothing but
  349.     the tree. It is difficult because the tree has a very complex shape, and
  350.     in several spots is hard to distinguish from the objects behind it.
  351.   </p>
  352.         <div class="figure">
  353.           <a id="id2591784"></a>
  354.           <p class="title">
  355.             <b>Figure¬†7.2.¬†
  356.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Selection shown as usual with dashed line</span>
  357.     </b>
  358.           </p>
  359.           <div class="figure-contents">
  360.             <div class="mediaobject">
  361.               <img src="../images/using/select-outline.png" alt="Selection shown as usual with dashed line" />
  362.             </div>
  363.           </div>
  364.         </div>
  365.         <br class="figure-break" />
  366.         <p>
  367.     Now here is a very important point, and it is crucial to understand this.
  368.     Ordinarily when you create a selection, you see it as a dashed line
  369.     enclosing a portion of the image. The idea you could get from this is that
  370.     the selection is a sort of container, with the selected parts of the image
  371.     inside, and the unselected parts outside. This concept of the selection is
  372.     okay for many purposes, but it is not really correct.
  373.   </p>
  374.         <p>
  375.     Actually the selection is implemented as a <span class="emphasis"><em>channel</em></span>.
  376.     In terms of its internal structure, it is identical to the red, green,
  377.     blue, and alpha channels of an image. Thus, the selection has a value
  378.     defined at each pixel of the image, ranging between 0 (unselected) and 255
  379.     (fully selected). The advantage of this approach is that it allows some
  380.     pixels to be <span class="emphasis"><em>partially selected</em></span>,
  381.     by giving them intermediate values between 0 and 255. As you will see,
  382.     there are many situations where it is desirable to have smooth transitions
  383.     between selected and unselected regions.
  384.   </p>
  385.         <p>
  386.     What, then, is the dashed line that appears when you create a selection?
  387.   </p>
  388.         <p>
  389.     It is a <span class="emphasis"><em>contour line</em></span>, dividing areas that are more
  390.     than half selected from areas that are less than half selected.
  391.   </p>
  392.         <div class="figure">
  393.           <a id="id2591865"></a>
  394.           <p class="title">
  395.             <b>Figure¬†7.3.¬†
  396.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Same selection in QuickMask mode</span>
  397.     </b>
  398.           </p>
  399.           <div class="figure-contents">
  400.             <div class="mediaobject">
  401.               <img src="../images/using/select-outline-qmask.png" alt="Same selection in QuickMask mode" />
  402.             </div>
  403.           </div>
  404.         </div>
  405.         <br class="figure-break" />
  406.         <p>
  407.     You should always bear in mind, when looking at the dashed line that
  408.     represents the selection, that it only tells you part of the story. If you
  409.     want to see the selection in complete detail, the easiest way is to click
  410.     the QuickMask button in the lower left corner of the image window. This
  411.     causes the selection to be shown as a translucent overlay atop the image.
  412.     Selected areas are unaffected; unselected areas are reddened. The more
  413.     completely selected an area is, the less red it appears.
  414.   </p>
  415.         <p>
  416.     QuickMask mode, and its uses, are described in detail below. Meanwhile, if
  417.     you are following this discussion by trying things out in GIMP, you should
  418.     know that many operations work differently in QuickMask mode, so go ahead
  419.     and toggle it off again for now (by clicking the QuickMask button once
  420.     more).
  421.   </p>
  422.         <div class="figure">
  423.           <a id="id2591928"></a>
  424.           <p class="title">
  425.             <b>Figure¬†7.4.¬†
  426.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  427.         Same selection in QuickMask mode after feathering
  428.       </span>
  429.     </b>
  430.           </p>
  431.           <div class="figure-contents">
  432.             <div class="mediaobject">
  433.               <img src="../images/using/select-outline-qmask-feather.png" alt="Same selection in QuickMask mode after feathering" />
  434.             </div>
  435.           </div>
  436.         </div>
  437.         <br class="figure-break" />
  438.         <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  439.           <div class="titlepage">
  440.             <div>
  441.               <div>
  442.                 <h3 class="title"><a id="id2591958"></a>1.1.¬†
  443.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Feathering</span>
  444.     </h3>
  445.               </div>
  446.             </div>
  447.           </div>
  448.           <p>
  449.       With the default settings, the basic selection tools, such as the
  450.       Rectangle Select tool, create sharp selections. Pixels inside the dashed
  451.       line are fully selected, and pixels outside completely unselected. You
  452.       can verify this by toggling QuickMask: you see a clear rectangle with
  453.       sharp edges, surrounded by uniform red. In the Tool Options, however, is
  454.       a checkbox called ‚Äú<span class="quote">Feather edges</span>‚Äù. If you enable this, the
  455.       tool will instead create graduated selections. The feather radius, which
  456.       you can adjust, determines the distance over which the transition
  457.       occurs.
  458.     </p>
  459.           <p>
  460.       If you are following along, try this out with the Rectangle Select tool,
  461.       and then toggle QuickMask. You will now see that the clear rectangle has
  462.       a fuzzy edge.
  463.     </p>
  464.           <p>
  465.       Feathering is particularly useful when you are cutting and pasting, in
  466.       helping the pasted object to blend smoothly and unobtrusively with its
  467.       surroundings.
  468.     </p>
  469.           <p>
  470.       Actually, it is possible to feather a selection at any time, even if it
  471.       was originally created as a sharp selection. You can do this from the
  472.       image menu, by choosing
  473.       <span class="guimenu">Select</span> ‚Üí <span class="guimenuitem">Feather</span>.
  474.       This brings up a dialog that allows you to set the feather radius. You
  475.       can do the opposite--sharpen a graduated selection into an
  476.       all-or-nothing selection--by choosing
  477.       <span class="guimenu">Select</span> ‚Üí <span class="guimenuitem">Sharpen</span>.
  478.     </p>
  479.           <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
  480.             <table border="0" summary="Note">
  481.               <tr>
  482.                 <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25">
  483.                   <img alt="[Note]" src="../images/note.png" />
  484.                 </td>
  485.                 <th align="left">Note</th>
  486.               </tr>
  487.               <tr>
  488.                 <td align="left" valign="top">
  489.                   <p>
  490.         For technically oriented readers: feathering works by applying a
  491.         Gaussian blur to the selection channel, with the specified blurring
  492.         radius.
  493.       </p>
  494.                 </td>
  495.               </tr>
  496.             </table>
  497.           </div>
  498.         </div>
  499.         <div class="sect2" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
  500.           <div class="titlepage">
  501.             <div>
  502.               <div>
  503.                 <h3 class="title"><a id="id2592060"></a>1.2.¬†
  504.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Making a Selection Partially Transparent</span>
  505.     </h3>
  506.               </div>
  507.             </div>
  508.           </div>
  509.           <p>
  510.       You can set layer opacity, but you cannot do that directly for a
  511.       selection. It is quite useful to make the image of a glass
  512.       transparent. You can achieve this by using these methods:
  513.     </p>
  514.           <div class="itemizedlist">
  515.             <ul type="disc">
  516.               <li>
  517.                 <p>
  518.           For simple selections, use the Eraser tool with the wanted opacity.
  519.         </p>
  520.               </li>
  521.               <li>
  522.                 <p>  
  523.           For complex selections: use the command
  524.           <span class="guimenu">Selection</span> ‚Üí <span class="guimenuitem">Floating</span>
  525.           to create a floating selection. This creates a new layer called
  526.           ‚Äú<span class="quote">Floating Selection</span>‚Äù.
  527.           Activate it and use the opacity slider to get the wanted opacity.
  528.           Then anchor the selection: outside the selection, the mouse pointer
  529.           comes with an anchor icon. When you click, the floating selection
  530.           disappears from the Layer Dialog and the selection is at the right
  531.           place and partially transparent (anchoring works this way only if a
  532.           selection tool is activated : you can also use the command in the
  533.           context menu that you get by right clicking on the selected layer
  534.           in the layer dialog).
  535.         </p>
  536.                 <p>
  537.           And, if you use this function frequently:
  538.           <span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>-<span class="keycap"><strong>C</strong></span> to copy the selection,
  539.           <span class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>-<span class="keycap"><strong>V</strong></span> to paste it, creating so a floating selection,
  540.           adapt the opacity then make Layer/New Layer that pastes the floating
  541.           selection into the new layer. You can also create a shortcut for the
  542.           New Layer command to use keys only.
  543.         </p>
  544.               </li>
  545.               <li>
  546.                 <p>
  547.           Another way:
  548.           <span class="guimenu">Layer</span> ‚Üí <span class="guisubmenu">Mask</span> ‚Üí <span class="guimenuitem">Layer mask</span>
  549.           to add a layer mask to the layer with the
  550.           selection, initializing it with the selection. Then use a brush with
  551.           the wanted opacity to paint the selection with black, i-e paint it
  552.           with transparency. Then Layer/Mask/Apply Layer Mask. See
  553.           <a class="xref" href="gimp-dialogs-structure.html#gimp-layer-mask" title="2.1.3.¬† Layer masks">Section¬†2.1.3, ‚Äú
  554.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Layer masks</span>
  555.   ‚Äù</a>.
  556.         </p>
  557.               </li>
  558.               <li>
  559.                 <p>
  560.           If you want to <span class="emphasis"><em>make transparent the solid
  561.           background of an image</em></span>, add an Alpha channel and select
  562.           the background by using the Magic Wand. Then, with the Color Picker
  563.           tool, select the background color which becomes the foreground
  564.           color in Toolbox. Use Fill tool with this color on the selection,
  565.           in the ‚Äú<span class="quote">Color Erase</span>‚Äù mode. This method erases pixels
  566.           which have this color; other pixels are partially erased and their
  567.           color is changed.
  568.         </p>
  569.                 <p>
  570.           The simplest method is the
  571.           <span class="guimenu">Edit</span> ‚Üí <span class="guimenuitem">Erase</span>
  572.           command, which gives complete transparency and doesn't allow to
  573.           enjoy the Opacity setting of the Fill tool.
  574.         </p>
  575.               </li>
  576.             </ul>
  577.           </div>
  578.         </div>
  579.       </div>
  580.     </div>
  581.     <div class="navfooter">
  582.       <hr />
  583.       <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
  584.         <tr>
  585.           <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="gimp-using-web-transparency.html"><img src="../images/prev.png" alt="Prev" /></a>¬†</td>
  586.           <td width="20%" align="center">
  587.             <a accesskey="u" href="pt02.html">
  588.               <img src="../images/up.png" alt="Up" />
  589.             </a>
  590.           </td>
  591.           <td width="40%" align="right">¬†<a accesskey="n" href="gimp-using-selections.html"><img src="../images/next.png" alt="Next" /></a></td>
  592.         </tr>
  593.         <tr>
  594.           <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"><a accesskey="p" href="gimp-using-web-transparency.html">2.3.¬†
  595.       <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Saving Images with Transparency</span>
  596.     </a>¬†</td>
  597.           <td width="20%" align="center">
  598.             <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">
  599.               <img src="../images/home.png" alt="Home" />
  600.             </a>
  601.           </td>
  602.           <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">¬†<a accesskey="n" href="gimp-using-selections.html">2.¬†
  603.     <span lang="en" xml:lang="en">Creating and Using Selections</span>
  604.   </a></td>
  605.         </tr>
  606.       </table>
  607.     </div>
  608.   </body>
  609. </html>
  610.